Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública
La Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública publica artículos de investigación y ensayos de alto nivel académico de las disciplinas de administración pública, ciencia política y relaciones internacionales, evaluados por pares bajo la política de doble ciego. Igualmente publica críticas y reseñas de libros académicos que versen sobre temas actuales del estudio de la administración pública, la ciencia política, las relaciones internacionales y la comunicación política.
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Presentación del dossier: Crisis o institucionalización de las violencias en México. Una lectura desde los territorios Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública, No. 28, julio-diciembre 2025 El presente dossier surge del llamado a reflexionar sobre un tema acuciante en México: ¿las violencias que padecemos representan una crisis coyuntural o ya se han institucionalizado? (Reguillo, 2021; Auyero et al., 2013). El debate, convocado desde este espacio, propone una lectura territorial y crítica de las violencias contemporáneas en el país, en un contexto en el que el binomio conceptual crisis-institucionalización permite interrogar cómo la violencia deja de ser una anomalía para devenir una forma estructural de gobierno, de economía y de vida cotidiana. Desde nuestro punto de vista, la violencia no puede pensarse únicamente como emergencia, sino como fenómeno integrado a las prácticas, discursos y relaciones que configuran el orden social y territorial (Scheper-Hughes & Bourgois, 2004; Segato, 2016). La tensión entre su carácter coyuntural y su normalización estructural constituye el núcleo problemático de este número, en el que convergen análisis genealógicos, estudios empíricos y lecturas estéticas de las violencias desde la filosofía, la sociología, la literatura y los estudios culturales. El resultado que ofrecemos a los lectores es un mosaico interdisciplinario que examina los dispositivos mediante los cuales las violencias se reproducen, se institucionalizan o se resisten, con énfasis en sus dimensiones territorial, política y simbólica.
Copyright (c) 2025 José de Jesús Ramírez Macías https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Antigone and the Disappearing Device: Violence, Silence, and Resistance in the Context of Enforced Disappearances in Mexico
Within the context of the ongoing crisis of violence in Mexico, this article analyzes the phenomenon of forced disappearances as a "device of power." At the same time, based on a reading of the poem Antígona González, it emphasizes the figure of Antigone as a figure who embodies resistance to the logic and mechanisms that shape this device. Specifically, the article focuses on the analysis of the regime of silence imposed by this device in the face of the tragedy of forced disappearances. This allows us to read Antígona González not simply as a testimony of denunciation, but as an artifact that demonstrates the disturbing power of the State over memory and forgetting, as well as the different forms of silencing deployed by the device of disappearance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cuauhtémoc Nattahí Hernández Martínez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Resultados de los programas de canje de armas en México
Gun buyback programs in Mexico, aim to reduce violence by encouraging voluntary weapon surrender. From 2006 to 2024, authorities collected 194,471 firearms, yet this figure remains insufficient compared to the estimated annual influx of over 200,000 illegal weapons. Results reveal strong variations across regions and presidential terms, with the highest numbers in Mexico City, Mexico State and northern states. The findings highlight a lack of continuity, promotion, and focus on high-violence areas, limiting overall effectiveness. Policy recommendations include permanent collection modules, differentiated rewards for high-caliber weapons, and stronger institutional coordination. Strengthening these measures may increase program efficiency and better address the growing stock of illegal firearms in Mexico.
Copyright (c) 2025 Víctor Manuel Sánchez Valdés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Territorios del horror. Ensayo sobre la(s) violencia(s) y la gubernamentalidad de la muerte en México
This essay explores contemporary violence in México as an expression of a necropolitical governmentality that links the management of life with the social creation of death. Using three symbolic scenes—the discovery of remains in Teuchitlán, the public display of Arturo Beltrán Leyva’s body, and the filmed execution of teacher Irma Hernández—it examines how the State, criminal actors, and media outlets shape a pedagogy of terror that reshapes collective sensibility and redefines what can be seen and spoken about. Drawing on Foucault, Mbembe, and Rancière, the essay introduces the concept of the necro-machine as a symbolic-material assemblage that structures violence and produces subjects, objects, and languages defined by death. It concludes that counter-machines—the social, aesthetic, and emotional practices of search groups and memory activists—serve as political acts of disruption, creating alternative ways of mourning, community, and resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rossana Reguillo Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Neoliberalismo y criminalidad corporativa: un análisis sobre la ilegalidad como condición estructural de las empresas en México
Este artículo demuestra que las empresas mexicanas llevan a cabo actividades ilegales que les permiten producir y acumular riqueza. Este uso del crimen por parte del ámbito empresarial se analiza aquí en dos de sus dimensiones. Primero, en el nivel político: el contexto de violencia e inseguridad que sufre nuestro país, lejos de representar un obstáculo, beneficia a las empresas y les permite desarrollarse. Segundo, en el nivel fiscal: las corporaciones mexicanas realizan constantemente prácticas de evasión fiscal para tener un margen de ganancia mayor. El marco legal vigente tolera y propicia un cierto nivel de ilegalidad, si este beneficia al capitalismo.
Copyright (c) 2025 Schoenstatt Karla González Ramírez, Emmanuel Guerrero Trejo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Presentación del número 27, enero-junio 2025.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Diana Vicher García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sobre juventudes y acción política. Una revisión desde su identidad
This paper aims to understand the correlation between youth identity in violent environments and their political action in the current context of the municipality of Puebla, to contribute to the analysis of how youth identities are constructed and how these relate to political participation. In other words, this research is based on the premise that violent environments can shape young people's perceptions of themselves, that is, their identity, which in turn determines their political participation. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the following question: How and in what ways youth identity, shaped in contexts of violence, influence their political action in the city of Puebla? In addition to the above, it seeks to contribute to Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. To this end, we report the results of the "Survey on Youth and Forms of Participation," a survey conducted among young people in Puebla to understand their self-perception in the political sphere. This survey was piloted in April 2024 and administered to young people in Puebla in May 2024. This correlational study used STATA software to identify possible statistical correlations between the environments of violence that interfere with the construction of youth identity and how this influences the modes, motivations, or levels of political action that young people have adopted in the city of Puebla.
Copyright (c) 2025 Perla Marina Palacios Diaz, Araceli Espinosa-Márquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Las agencias reguladoras en tiempos de populismo: la experiencia de México
En los últimos años, la repolitización de las instituciones públicas —incluyendo las agencias reguladoras— ha cobrado fuerza en distintos contextos democráticos. Este ha sido un fenómeno impulsado tanto por crisis económicas como políticas. El presente artículo examina esta tendencia en México durante el gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO), quien buscó debilitar o controlar a las agencias reguladoras del país. A partir de una estrategia metodológica comparada y de triangulación de fuentes, se analiza la relación entre el presidente y ocho agencias mexicanas, identificando mecanismos para debilitar su autonomía, capacidades y reputación institucional. El estudio contribuye al debate internacional sobre populismo y regulación, y destaca los límites del diseño institucional frente a los liderazgos de corte populista.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mauricio, Martin, Daniel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Viability and Impact of Pension Systems in Mexico: Differences and Future Prospects
The aim of the paper is to analyse the Mexican pension system, highlighting the differences in the private and public sectors, emphasising the viability and impact of their expenditure on public finances and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The paper follows the deductive method, a hermeneutic paradigm, with a mixed approach without the use of statistical inference. Due to the fragmentation of the pension system, privileged pensions of decentralised public bodies are presented, compared to those granted by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) to workers in the private sector. Currently, the actuarial pension liability represents 98.2% of GDP, and without a comprehensive tax reform, it could lead to the collapse of public finances by 2035. The Pension Fund for Welfare Decree of May 2024 is fair in terms of expected benefits for pensioners, but it is financially unviable.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Antonio Villalobos López https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Los libros de texto gratuitos para la educación secundaria y las reformas curriculares: ¿hacia la construcción de un régimen de políticas?
The work studies the formation and institutional development of the free textbook policy for secondary education based on Wilson's (2000) policy regime model. The theoretical proposal seeks to explain change or permanence based on the process and dynamics of educational policy, understood as a subsystem, sector, domain or space of public policies. The decisions, political-institutional agreements and interests of the actors immersed in the structuring of the regime or the policy of textbooks are reconstructed to understand how and where the educational level and school materials evolved over time until the current era. To this end, educational reforms are taken as the axis in their interaction with the three key components of the policy regime in the process of design and implementation of the free textbook policy for the educational level in order to understand and explain how they changed or These policies remained, as well as capturing the causal chain of change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosalina Romero Gonzaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 Fernando Patrón Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Drift of the Losers’ Consent and the Fall of Evo Morales in Bolivia
Considering that in Bolivia political leaders and candidates were expressing attitudes contrary to the losers’ consent in electoral processes prior to the 2019 elections, in which such attitudes reached their drift, this paper describes them in the way of event analysis. Although in this sense it differs methodologically from the studies of the losers’ consent, this is due to the descriptive usefulness it finds in that concept to account the way in which those attitudes were motivating disruptive actions that led to the fall of Evo Morales’ Government.
Bolivian political and social problematic
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Ernesto Ichuta Nina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of the Institutional Capacities of Local Superior Audit Entities (Subnational) in Mexico Regarding Urban Solid Waste: A Horizontal Approach.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Mexico faces significant challenges due to insufficient infrastructure, limited resources, and regulatory issues. Local Superior Audit Entities (EFSL) play a crucial role in ensuring transparency in public resource allocation within this sector. This study evaluates the institutional capacities of EFSLs in Veracruz, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, and Guerrero and examines how these impact accountability in MSW management. Structural barriers such as a lack of trained personnel, inadequate tools, and region-specific challenges were identified. Findings reveal the low proportion of federal funds allocated to this area and the limited efforts in audits. The study highlights the need to strengthen EFSL competencies, improve inter-institutional coordination, enhance public participation in accountability processes, and ensure appropriate resource allocation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yessica Lourdes Vallejo Rivera, Juan Carlos Olivo Escudero, Sergio López Olvera, Dr. José Raúl García-Barrios https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Burócratas de calle y los factores limitantes en la implementación de políticas públicas: una revisión sistemática
This study examines the limitations faced by street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) in public policy implementation, aiming to understand how these challenges impact equity and effectiveness in state service delivery. Key sources reviewed include Lipsky (1980), Tummers and Bekkers (2014), Maynard-Moody and Musheno (2003), and recent studies by Ndlovu and Nzuma (2024). The literature selection encompasses both empirical and theoretical studies focusing on discretion, limited resources, and the working conditions of SLBs. The discussion highlights the paradox between the necessity of discretion and the state marginality that undermines consistency in policy implementation. The study concludes that resource constraints and rigid hierarchies inherent in any state system restrict operational effectiveness and exacerbate inequalities in policy application.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angela Suarez Diaz, Obed Vargas Salas, Ricardo Carpio Tapia, Maribel Rojas Valdivia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La implementación de chatbots en gobiernos municipales mexicanos. Exploración y diagnóstico de uso
This article focuses on examining how municipalities are adopting Artificial Intelligence tools, especially Chatbots. As the level of government closest to the population, municipalities have the autonomy and freedom to choose the technologies they implement, including those that improve the provision of public services. In the current context, public administration is experiencing significant growth in the use of Artificial Intelligence, where Chatbots play a prominent role. Although Mexican municipalities have begun to take steps in this direction, the number of municipalities using these tools remains limited, with seventeen municipalities currently using them. Primarily, these Chatbots focus on providing citizen guidance on public service issues, with a preference for mobile technologies like WhatsApp for citizen engagement.
Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Cruz-Meléndez, Juan Manuel Jiménez Canseco, Rogelio Martínez Gutiérrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
“Chile as a model country”? The prelude to the social outbreak of 2019
With an ideational perspective, this article studies the landing and consolidation of the idea of “Chile as a model country”, and subsequently analyzes its permeation in the Chilean political elite and society from 2006 to 2019. Thus, it is concluded that four points cemented the mentioned paradigm: the neoliberal economic model, the technocratic logic, consensus and socio-political stability. The four presidencies during the period analyzed continued to reproduce this idea, with greater or lesser intensity. On the other hand, its permeation in society became less and less. Then, at the time of the social outbreak, the paradigm of “Chile as a model country” had strongly permeated the political class, while the citizenry was going through a crisis of representation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Raúl Cerro Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Appoinment Commision of Guanajuato’s Anti-Corruption System 2020-2023. Legal Regulation, Practical Issues and Improvement Proposals
This paper analyzes an experience in the field of citizen participation at the sub-national level in Mexico, specifically, from the Appointment Comission of the Citizen Participation Committee of Guanajuato’s State Anticorruption System between 2020-2023. In addition to presenting its regulatory framework, composition, functions and appointments made during the period, this paper addresses two important issues arising for the Guanajuato’s experience. The first is whether the Appointment Comission should be considered an authority for the purpose of ‘juicio de amparo’ proceedings. The second is whether the Comission should or not have the power to evaluate and, if necessary, to remove the people that they appointed. This work also offers some ideas to strengthen and legitimize the work of the Comission, concluding with a brief reflection.
Comisión de Selección del Sistema Estatal Anticorrupción
Copyright (c) 2024 Francisco M. Mora-Sifuentes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
This work seeks to characterize how technological tools are incorporated in the management of citizen demands in government institutions on environmental matters in the state of Tlaxcala. Additionally, the investigation also indicates the technological training that officials receive, as well as the approach they have to Artificial Intelligence and digital security measures. This research was carried out through a survey conducted among officials from institutions, both state and federal, on environmental matters in the state of Tlaxcala. The main conclusions indicate that the majority of officials have digital platforms to manage citizen demands, however, variables such as low training, insufficient technological resources and little relationship with digital platforms have not allowed technology to have a significant impact on channeling citizen demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Carolina Restrepo Gómez, Wilfrido Gutiérrez Ortiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Legalization of The Human Right to The City as A Starting Point in The Design of Public Policies for The Twenty-First Century
The definition of the right to the city as a normative concept still has many uncertainties that hinder its positive assessment, or in some cases, its administrative and jurisdictional effectiveness in the few legal systems that have recognized it. It is therefore necessary, from a current and progressive human rights perspective, to identify and develop a series of minimum elements based on an interdisciplinary study, but with a view to developing the legal side of the concept. In this sense, the article identifies and develops some of those elements that should be taken into account in the process of legalization and design of public policies.
derechos humanos; ciudad; derechos sociales; urbanización.
Copyright (c) 2024 José Jes´ús Soriano Flores https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Presentación del Núm. 25 enero-junio 2024
The objective of this paper is to review in the long term the theory of transitions to propose some adjustments in it that allow it to overcome several inconsistencies that afflict it from its first developments. Thus, for example, a) when it consider that the actors of change are always the political elites, both of the old regime and the emerging one, to the detriment of social actors and society in general, sins of reductionist; b) it is a very rigid and closed theory in its options, so it underestimates or omits other possible defeats and outcomes; and c) it has become a highly normative view of regime change, insensitive to factors and circumstances not contemplated by the theory, but not irrelevant.
Copyright (c) 2024 César Cansino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Profesionales del gobierno. Ensayos sobre la importancia de una burocracia pública efectiva, de Fernando Nieto Morales. El Colegio de México, 2023.
Reseña de la obra, Profesionales del gobierno. Ensayos sobre la importancia de una burocracia pública efectiva, de Fernando Nieto Morales. El Colegio de México, 2023
Copyright (c) 2024 Eduardo Torres Alonso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Aproximaciones teóricas a los procesos de justicia transicional para un mapeo de las comisiones de la verdad en las provincias argentinas (1983-1985)
This article presents the main theoretical concepts and results of a detailed bibliographic review that focuses on understanding the processes of democratic transition. The different theoretical visions on transitional justice are analyzed, focusing on truth commissions (also known as human rights commissions) in the transition processes towards democracy. The case of Argentina is taken as an example and in particular the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP) of 1984. The main objective is to introduce the theme for the construction of a mapping on the different commissions for human rights created in Argentina to subnational level during the first years of democracy (1983-1985). Keywords: truth commissions, human rights, subnational scale
Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Eliana Funes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Consequences of Federalism in Mexico, a look from the legal field
This research will provide a theoretical-conceptual analysis of the relationship established by the municipalities of the State of Puebla with the organization model of the Federation and how these horizontal relationships stimulate tax dependence; taking into consideration regulatory, tax and financial guidelines; as well as political, social and historical characteristics of the most representative municipalities and how they have come to establish various horizontal or, failing that, hierarchical relationships. For this purpose, an exploratory office methodology is used, carrying out a legal analysis of the laws surrounding the problem. and its incidence. Thus, part of the results indicate that one of the attributions of Federalism in the municipalities in tax, tax and regulatory matters would lead to a positive impact on the generation of own resources and therefore financial autonomy, which is why it is necessary to design public policy proposals. focused on organizational effectiveness, dissemination and communication, regularization of collection, as well as a performance evaluation system.
Copyright (c) 2024 María Isabel Garrido Lastra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Transición político-institucional en Venezuela 1999-2024: ¿Consolidación autoritaria o redemocratización?
Los procesos democratizadores ocurridos en América Latina en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, llevaron a pensar que la etapa autoritaria estaba superada y la región iría alcanzando paulatinamente la consolidación de la democracia; en Venezuela, país con uno de los modelos democráticos más antiguos, se expresa la negación a este supuesto. Este trabajo, analiza cómo a partir de la llegada al poder del chavismo en Venezuela y especialmente en la gestión de Nicolás Maduro, se ha ido gestando una transición hacia el autoritarismo, con la consecuente afectación en el grado de liberalización y democratización. Esto se hace, mediante tres categorías de análisis: transiciones, democracia y autoritarismo; posteriormente se aborda el caso venezolano, examinando como se produce la desinstitucionalización del sistema de conciliación de élites y la génesis autoritaria, dando origen a una transición continua que lleva a proyectar dos posibles escenarios. Por último, se hacen una serie de reflexiones acerca de la situación actual y los retos planteados.
Copyright (c) 2024 Máximo Alexander Rojas Álvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Digital Transformation in Judicial Function. The Case of the Chilean Judiciary
This paper seeks to systematize and analyze the most important processes and changes that Chile has carried out in terms of digital transformation and particularly the development of the digital transformation of the judiciary. This paper makes a panoramic exposition of the changes that the country has made in the regulatory framework and how these definitions were generating a propitious environment to introduce improvements to the judicial procedure. The paper makes a description of the public and private efforts that have made these transformations possible and poses some challenges.
Copyright (c) 2024 Danielle Zaror Mirelles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Las elecciones intermedias en México 2021. Competencia, comportamiento y escenarios electorales, de Fernando Patrón Sánchez, Oniel Francisco Díaz Jiménez & Luis Eduardo León Ganatios (Eds.), Universidad de Guanajuato-Secularte A.C., 2023, 428 pp.
Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Fernando Delgado Trejo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Movilidad periférica en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. Entre la lejanía y la proximidad, de Georgina Isunza Vizuet. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2022
Copyright (c) 2024 Rosa María Pérez Vargas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Fragmentation, Polarization, And Low Institutionalization of The Party System. The Peruvian Case Between 2001 And 2022
This research analyzes the Peruvian party system between 2001 and 2022 through a longitudinal and comparative study. During this period, a very low institutionalization of the party system, growing tensions between the executive and the legislature, and progressive fragmentation and atomization of Congress stand out. This party fragmentation was reflected in the executive, where 12 presidents held office and eight vacancy processes were initiated, but also in the legislature, with high volatility and difficulty in reaching majorities. Thus, Peru has become an interesting case study on the effects that a party system with low institutionalization can have on the political system as a whole and the importance of analyzing this variable. In this sense, the harmful effects on both powers and governance are evidenced, as well as the absence of indicators that attest to possible consolidation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ignacio García Marín https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evolution Of Honduran Partisan Competition. From Low Ideological Polarization to Radicalization
This article addresses the role of ideology in the dynamics of Honduran party competition from 1994 to the present. For this purpose, we carried out an analysis of the structure of the ideological competition in Honduras’ party system. We used survey data on ideological self-placement of this country’s legislators and their perception of the parties’ positions on the left-right dimension. The analysis shows a transformation of a party system where, for decades, electoral competition was characterized by its low level of ideological polarization towards a more polarized system. These results allow us to verify the important changes produced in the structure of the Honduran party system since the 2013 general elections. Afterwards, the competitiveness and fragmentation of the party system increased significantly.
Copyright (c) 2024 Patricia Otero Felipe, Cecilia Graciela Rodríguez Balmaceda, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Zepeda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0