Fragmentación, polarización y baja institucionalización del sistema de partidos. El caso peruano entre 2001 y 2022

Abstract

This research analyzes the Peruvian party system between 2001 and 2022 through a longitudinal and comparative study. During this period, a very low institutionalization of the party system, growing tensions between the executive and the legislature, and progressive fragmentation and atomization of Congress stand out. This party fragmentation was reflected in the executive, where 12 presidents held office and eight vacancy processes were initiated, but also in the legislature, with high volatility and difficulty in reaching majorities. Thus, Peru has become an interesting case study on the effects that a party system with low institutionalization can have on the political system as a whole and the importance of analyzing this variable. In this sense, the harmful effects on both powers and governance are evidenced, as well as the absence of indicators that attest to possible consolidation.